Chief issues for Canadian air carriers relate to cost and regulations imposed by government, through monopoly providers to air carriers, these include:

NAV CANADA – The provider of air navigation services in Canada

Airports -  Canadian Airports Council (CAC)  - Who provide landing facilities and passenger terminals

Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) – Provide passenger screening services

In addition passenger rights legislation in the EU and U.S. are issues (See Legal Issues)